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Russia

 

Russia: Historical Dates

 

AD 862 According to early chronicles, Ryurik, a Scandinavian chief, assumed control of Eastern Slavic lands around Novgorod.
AD 882 Kyiv and Novgorod were united as the state of Kievan Rus.
988 Vladimir I converted to Orthodox Christianity and made Orthodoxy the official religion of Kievan Rus.
1240 Mongol armies sacked Kyiv, and Russia became a part of the Golden Horde, a Tatar Khanate virtually independent of the Mongol Empire.
1480 Ivan III of Moscow freed Russia from Tatar control. Moscow became the most powerful Russian city.
1547 Ivan IV was crowned tsar. He expanded Russia's territory. His despotic rule earned him the nickname Ivan the Terrible.
1613 Michael Romanov became tsar, ending the Time of Troubles and beginning more than 300 years of Romanov rule of Russia.
1689 Peter I (later known as Peter the Great) assumed full power as tsar and began transforming Russia into a world power.
1703 Peter I founded the new capital city of Saint Petersburg and increased ties with Europe. He introduced many elements of Western culture into Russia in an attempt to modernize the country.
1812 Napoleon I of France invaded Russia and advanced as far as Moscow, but eventually was forced to retreat.
1861 Alexander II abolished serfdom in Russia.
1905 Nicholas II agreed to establish a popularly elected assembly, or Duma, after a massacre by government troops of peaceful protesters demonstrating for reforms sparked an unsuccessful revolution.
1914 Russia entered World War I against Germany and Austria-Hungary and suffered a series of crushing defeats.
1917 A popular revolution removed the emperor from power. A second revolution then propelled the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, to power.
1918-1920 Russia withdrew from World War I, and the Bolsheviks won control of the country in the Russian Civil War.
1922-1991 Russia was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which was the most powerful Communist country in the world until its collapse in 1991. Russia then became an independent nation.
1993 President Boris Yeltsin used force to crush a resistance by conservative legislators.
1994 War erupted in Chechnya after the Russian government sent troops into the republic to halt its moves toward independence.
1996 The war in Chechnya ended with a cease-fire agreement in August.
1998 Financial crisis struck Russia's already ailing economy, and the ruble plummeted in value.
1999 War again erupted in Chechnya.

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