| Basic Facts |
| Official name |
People’s Republic
of China |
| |
| Capital |
Beijing |
| |
| Area |
9,571,300 sq km |
| |
3,695,500 sq mi |
| |
| |
| |
| People |
| Population |
1,284,303,700
(2002 estimate) |
| |
| Population growth |
| Population growth rate |
0.87 percent (2002
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Projected population in 2025 |
1,464,028,860
(2000 estimate) |
| |
| |
| Projected population in 2050 |
1,470,468,924
(2000 estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Population density |
134 persons per sq
km (2002 estimate) |
| |
348 persons per sq
mi (2002 estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Urban/rural
distribution |
| Share urban |
32 percent (2000
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Share rural |
68 percent (2000
estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Largest cities, with
population |
| Shanghai |
13,580,000 (1995
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Beijing |
11,300,000 (1995
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Tianjin |
9,420,000 (1995
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Wuhan |
4,250,000 (1995
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Chongqing |
3,470,000 (1995
estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Ethnic groups |
| Han Chinese |
92 percent |
| |
| |
| Zhuang, Mongolian, Tibetan,
Uygur, Miao, Yi, Korean, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, and other
nationalities |
8 percent |
| |
| |
| |
| Languages |
| Standard Chinese, or Mandarin (Putonghua,
based on the Beijing dialect); Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese),
Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, and Hakka
dialects; minority languages |
| |
| |
| Religious
affiliations |
| Officially atheist, but
traditionally eclectic. |
| |
| Nonreligious |
42 percent |
| |
| |
| Buddhist |
8 percent |
| |
| |
| Atheist |
8 percent |
| |
| |
| Christian |
7 percent |
| |
| |
| Muslim |
1 percent |
| |
| |
| Other |
34 percent |
| |
| |
| |
| Health and Education |
| Life expectancy |
| Total |
71.9 years (2002
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Female |
73.9 years (2002
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Male |
70 years (2002
estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Infant mortality rate |
27 deaths per
1,000 live births (2002 estimate) |
| |
| Population per physician |
595 people (2000) |
| |
| Population per hospital bed |
420 people (2000) |
| |
| Literacy rate |
| Total |
98 percent (2001
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Female |
96.7 percent (2001
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Male |
99.2 percent (2001
estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Education expenditure as a share
of gross national product (GNP) |
2 percent (1998) |
| |
| Number of years of compulsory
schooling |
9 years (1998) |
| |
| Number of students per teacher,
primary school |
21 students per
teacher (1998) |
| |
| Government |
| Form of government |
Communist state |
| |
| Head of state |
President |
| |
| Head of government |
Premier |
| |
| Legislature |
Unicameral
legislature |
| |
National People's
Congress: 2,979 deputies (1998) |
| |
| |
| |
| Voting qualifications |
Universal at age
18 |
| |
| Constitution |
| 4 December 1982, amended in 1993
and 1999 |
| |
| |
| Highest court |
Supreme People's
Court |
| |
| Armed forces |
Army, Navy, Air
Force |
| Total number of military
personnel |
2,310,000 (2001) |
| |
| |
| Military expenditures as a
share of gross domestic product (GDP) |
5.3 percent (2000) |
| |
| |
| |
| First-level political divisions |
23 provinces, 5
autonomous regions, 2 special administrative regions, and 4
municipalities |
| |
| Economy |
| Gross domestic product (GDP, in
U.S.$) |
$1,080 billion
(2000) |
| |
| GDP per capita (U.S.$) |
$860 (2000) |
| |
| GDP by economic
sector |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing |
15.9 percent
(2000) |
| |
| |
| Industry |
50.9 percent
(2000) |
| |
| |
| Services |
33.2 percent
(2000) |
| |
| |
| |
| Employment |
| Number of workers |
756,844,770 (2000) |
| |
| |
| Workforce share of
economic sector |
| Agriculture, forestry,
fishing |
48 percent (1998) |
| |
| |
| Industry |
22 percent (1998) |
| |
| |
| Services |
13 percent (1998) |
| |
| |
| |
| Unemployment rate |
3.1 percent (2000) |
| |
| |
| |
| National budget
(U.S.$) |
| Total revenue |
$71,264 million
(1999) |
| |
| |
| Total expenditure |
$107,617 million
(1999) |
| |
| |
| |
| Monetary unit |
1 yuan, consisting
of 10 jiao |
| |
| Agriculture |
| Rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane,
potatoes, sugar beets, peanuts, cotton |
| |
| |
| Mining |
| Coal, petroleum, graphite,
tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, tin, lead, mercury, bauxite,
phosphate rock, iron ore, manganese, many other minerals |
| |
| |
| Manufacturing |
| Woven textile fabrics, heavy
machinery, iron and steel, petrochemicals, fertilizers, cement,
manufactured goods |
| |
| |
| Major exports |
| Clothing and accessories,
textiles, petroleum products, footwear, telecommunications and sound
equipment |
| |
| |
| Major imports |
| Machinery, steel products and
other metals, automobiles, synthetics, agricultural chemicals,
rubber, wheat, ships |
| |
| |
| Major trade partners
for exports |
| Hong Kong S.A.R., United States,
Japan, South Korea, Germany, Singapore, The Netherlands, United
Kingdom |
| |
| |
| Major trade partners
for imports |
| Japan, Taiwan, United States,
South Korea, Hong Kong S.A.R., Germany, Singapore |
| |
| |
| Energy, Communications, and
Transportation |
| Electricity
production |
| Electricity from thermal
sources |
79.81 percent
(1999 estimate) |
| |
| |
| Electricity from hydroelectric
sources |
18.98 percent
(1999 estimate) |
| |
| |
| Electricity from nuclear
sources |
1.20 percent (1999
estimate) |
| |
| |
| Electricity from geothermal,
solar, and wind sources |
0 percent (1999
estimate) |
| |
| |
| |
| Number of radios per 1,000 people |
335 (1997) |
| |
| Number of telephones per 1,000
people |
112 (2000) |
| |
| Number of televisions per 1,000
people |
321 (1997
estimate) |
| |
| Number of Internet hosts per
10,000 people |
0.70 (2000) |
| |
| Daily newspaper circulation per
1,000 people |
42 (1990 estimate) |
| |
| Number of motor vehicles per
1,000 people |
8.2 (1997) |
| |
| Paved road as a share of total
roads |
22 percent (1999) |
| |
| Sources |
| Basic Facts and
People sections |
| Area data are from the
statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population
growth rate, and population projections are from the United States
Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data
Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are
from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities
population data and political divisions data are from the
statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and
religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses
and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue,
Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics
International (www.sil.org). |
| |
| |
| Health and Education
section |
| Life expectancy and infant
mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau,
International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov).
Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are
from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education
data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). |
| |
| |
| Government section |
| Government, independence,
legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications
data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest
Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from
Military Balance. |
| |
| |
| Economy section |
| Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP
per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget
data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary
unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and
major trade partner information is from the latest Europa World
Yearbook and various International Monetary Fund (IMF)
publications. |
| |
| |
| Energy,
Communication, and Transportation section |
| Electricity information is from
the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov).
Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles,
and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org).
|
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| Note |
| Figures may not total 100 percent
due to rounding. |
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General Knowledge :: China Facts and Figures